Gout Arthritis

Gout arthritis is a type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness in the joints. Here is an overview:

Causes

1. Uric acid buildup: Gout is caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood, which can form crystals in the joints. 2. Genetics: Family history can play a role in the development of gout. 3. Diet: Consuming foods high in purines, such as red meat, seafood, and sugary drinks, can increase the risk of gout. 4. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of gout.

Symptoms

1. Sudden, severe pain: Gout attacks can cause sudden, severe pain in the affected joint. 2. Swelling and redness: The affected joint may become swollen, red, and warm to the touch. 3. Limited mobility: Gout can limit mobility and make it difficult to move the affected joint.

Treatment

1. Medications: Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids can help manage gout symptoms. 2. Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, avoiding trigger foods, and staying hydrated, can help prevent gout attacks. 3. Uric acid-lowering therapy: Medications such as allopurinol or febuxostat can help lower uric acid levels and prevent future gout attacks.

Prevention

1. Dietary changes: Avoiding foods high in purines and staying hydrated can help prevent gout attacks. 2. Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the risk of gout. 3. Regular exercise: Regular exercise can help improve joint health and reduce the risk of gout.

Complications

1. Joint damage: Repeated gout attacks can cause joint damage and deformity. 2. Kidney stones: High levels of uric acid can increase the risk of kidney stones. 3. Cardiovascular disease: Gout has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. If one is experiencing symptoms of gout, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Ocular/Eye Manifestations of Gout:

Gout can have several eye manifestations, although they are relatively rare. Some possible eye-related issues associated with gout include:

Uveitis

1. Inflammation: Gout can cause inflammation in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. 2. Symptoms: Symptoms of uveitis may include eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision.

Conjunctivitis

1. Inflammation: Gout can cause inflammation in the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye. 2. Symptoms: Symptoms of conjunctivitis may include redness, itching, and discharge.

Scleritis

1. Inflammation: Gout can cause inflammation in the sclera, the white part of the eye. 2. Symptoms: Symptoms of scleritis may include eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.

Other Eye Issues

1. Dry eyes: Some people with gout may experience dry eyes due to inflammation or other factors. 2. Episcleritis: Gout can cause inflammation in the episclera, the thin layer of tissue covering the sclera.

Treatment

Treatment for eye manifestations of gout typically involves managing the underlying gout condition and addressing the specific eye issue. This may include: 1. Medications: Medications such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to reduce inflammation. 2. Topical treatments: Topical treatments, such as eye drops, may be used to manage symptoms. 3. Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated, can help manage gout and reduce the risk of eye complications.

Author

Paddy Kalish OD, JD and B.Arch