A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lungs, blocking blood flow.
What it is:
A blockage of a lung artery, most often caused by a blood clot that travels from the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT).
It's a potentially life-threatening condition.
Causes:
Most commonly, blood clots from deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Less common causes include:
Air bubbles
Fat embolisms (often from broken bones)
Tumors
Risk Factors:
Prolonged immobility (e.g., long flights, bed rest)
Surgery
Cancer
Certain medical conditions (e.g., heart disease)
Hormone therapy (e.g., birth control pills)
Pregnancy
Family history of blood clots
Smoking
Obesity
Older age.
Symptoms:
Sudden shortness of breath
Chest pain (often sharp and worsens with deep breathing)
Cough (may produce bloody sputum)
Rapid heart rate
Lightheadedness or fainting
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis can be challenging, as symptoms can mimic other conditions.
Tests may include:
CT pulmonary angiography
Blood tests (e.g., D-dimer)
Ultrasound (to check for DVT)
V/Q scan.
Treatment:
The primary goal is to prevent the clot from getting larger and to prevent new clots from forming.
Treatment options include:
Anticoagulant medications (blood thinners)
Thrombolytic medications (to dissolve clots)
In rare cases, procedures to remove the clot or place a filter in the vena cava.
Complications:
Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs)
Pulmonary infarction (death of lung tissue)
Death
Prevention:
Moving regularly, especially during long periods of sitting.
Staying hydrated.
Wearing compression stockings.
Taking prescribed anticoagulant medications as directed.
Important Note: Pulmonary embolism is a medical emergency. Anyone experiencing these symptoms, should seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 ASAP!!!
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